McGregor's term for describing managers that perceive their employees in a pessimistic way, i.e. subordinates need constant supervision, prefer to be told what to do, avoid work if they can, and do not seek any responsibility.

McGregor's term for describing managers that perceive their employees in a pessimistic way, i.e. subordinates need constant supervision, prefer to be told what to do, avoid work if they can, and do not seek any responsibility.

• A. Theory Y
• B. Theory X
• C. Time rate
• D. Piece rate

Answer: (B)

This describes Theory X. McGregor’s Theory X assumes that people dislike work, must be directed, and tend to avoid responsibility, so managers with this view supervise closely and control muito to ensure performance. They believe workers need constant oversight and external motivation, leading to an autocratic style. Theory Y contrasts by assuming people are self-motivated, enjoy taking on responsibility, and will perform well when given the right environment, which supports a more participative approach. The other options aren’t about beliefs about people’s motivation; time rate and piece rate refer to how employees are paid, not how managers view or manage them.

This describes Theory X. McGregor’s Theory X assumes that people dislike work, must be directed, and tend to avoid responsibility, so managers with this view supervise closely and control muito to ensure performance. They believe workers need constant oversight and external motivation, leading to an autocratic style. Theory Y contrasts by assuming people are self-motivated, enjoy taking on responsibility, and will perform well when given the right environment, which supports a more participative approach. The other options aren’t about beliefs about people’s motivation; time rate and piece rate refer to how employees are paid, not how managers view or manage them.