Which theory distinguishes between management perceptions of workers: Theory X and Theory Y?

Which theory distinguishes between management perceptions of workers: Theory X and Theory Y?

• A. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
• B. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• C. Herzberg's two-factor theory
• D. Job enrichment

Answer: (A)

This item tests how a manager’s beliefs about employees shape their approach to leading. Douglas McGregor contrasted two views: Theory X, which assumes workers inherently dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need to be closely supervised and controlled; and Theory Y, which assumes people can be self-motivated, seek responsibility, and are capable of self-direction. Those beliefs guide management styles: Theory X tends toward tight control and directive leadership, while Theory Y supports empowerment, delegation, and participative decision-making. The other options describe motivational theories (Maslow’s hierarchy), factors that influence motivation (Herzberg), or a method to redesign jobs (job enrichment), not the specific way managers perceive and treat workers.

This item tests how a manager’s beliefs about employees shape their approach to leading. Douglas McGregor contrasted two views: Theory X, which assumes workers inherently dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need to be closely supervised and controlled; and Theory Y, which assumes people can be self-motivated, seek responsibility, and are capable of self-direction. Those beliefs guide management styles: Theory X tends toward tight control and directive leadership, while Theory Y supports empowerment, delegation, and participative decision-making. The other options describe motivational theories (Maslow’s hierarchy), factors that influence motivation (Herzberg), or a method to redesign jobs (job enrichment), not the specific way managers perceive and treat workers.